Lumbee Indians and Goins Family

Butts County, GA Early Records

2011-12-05T19:35:00.003-05:00

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From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butts_County,_Georgia

History

Butts County was formed on December 24, 1825 as the sixty-fourth county in Georgia from portions of Henry County and Monroe County. It was named by the Georgia General Assembly in honor of Samuel Butts, an officer who was killed in the Creek War in 1814.[4][5] A year later, Jackson was created as the first city in the new county and became the county seat. Other towns followed, including Indian Springs (1837); Flovilla (1883); Jenkinsburg (1889); and Pepperton (1897). Indian Springs later became unincorporated and Pepperton was merged with Jackson in 1966, leaving 3 incorporated cities in Butts County. In recent years, Indian Springs has again become a tourist destination including many historic sites, shops, eating establishment and the famous Indian Springs Hotel as its centerpiece.

Much of Butts County and its cities were destroyed by the army of General William T. Sherman in its infamous March to the Seaduring the American Civil War. Butts County struggled for decades afterwards to become economically stable again. The arrival of the first railroad train on May 5, 1882 started the resurgence and growth followed. In 1898, caught up in the post-reconstruction fervor that had infected most Georgia counties, Butts County erected a monumental courthouse as a sign of its new prosperity. This building is still in use as a courthouse to this day. The construction of the Lloyd Shoals dam in 1910 created Jackson Lake, a prime recreational lake located primarily in Butts County.

Progress milestones in Butts County include the first telephones in 1884; first waterworks in 1905; electric lights on February 19, 1907; and traffic lights in 1926.

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1830 Federal Census
Going, Hugh

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Contributed by Bill Fletcher and posted with permission

Waters of Ocmulgee River

Written: 1834

Butts County Georgia

Superior Court

Deed-Mortgages

Waters of Oakmulgee River

1834, January 7—This Indenture made between Benjamin Harrison unto Jane Goen, both of Butts County. For and in consideration of the sum of $500 dollars,

convey

100 acres, the same being part of lot number 93 and part of lot number 94,undivided the line to run parallel with the west lines of said lots 93 and 4 in the 14th District of Monroe County formerly, now Butts County on the waters of the Oakmulgee River.

Recorded 30th day of January 1834

6/71 Butts County Deed Book

C: 365

[NOT on Oakmulgee River]

Lumbee Voices: In Literature, Art and Music

2011-11-22T21:34:00.004-05:00

From: http://linux.library.appstate.edu/lumbee/Miscellaneous/lumv.html

Lumbee Voices: North Carolina's Lumbee Indians in Literature, Art, and Music

by Glenn Ellen Starr Stilling Note: A shorter version of this text was presented on campus at Appalachian State University in April, 1996, as part of the Humanities Program Council's "Social Forum" series. The notes about visuals represent points in the presentation where books, articles, artworks, photographs, or parts of a videotape were shown to the audience. I have made a few minor updates to the text. Please note: This essay has received only minor updates since 2002. I hope to make major changes and additions within the next few months. —Glenn Ellen Starr Stilling, April 18, 2007

Who and Where Are the Lumbee Indians?
Origins of the Tribe
Tribal Name and Identity
Lumbee History and Activism
The Henry Berry Lowry Period
The Ku Klux Klan Routing and other events
Lumbee Achievements
Characteristics of Lumbee People
Indian identity and heritage
Robeson County as Home
Love of the Physical Features of Robeson County
Love of Family
Importance of Religion
Importance of Education
Celebration of Successes of Individual Lumbee People
Meanness
Cohesiveness
Lumbee Literature
Lumbee Art
Lumbee Music

Who and Where Are the Lumbee Indians?

The Lumbee Indians, with a 1990-census population of 40,500, are the ninth largest tribe in the United States--behind such tribes as the Cherokee (308,000), the Navajo (219,000), and the Chippewa and Sioux (103,000 each). They live primarily in Robeson County, in the southeastern part of North Carolina [Visual 1]. Over 90% of the Lumbee on the tribal roll live in eighteen communities in Robeson and adjoining counties [Visual 2]. The main Robeson County communties are Pembroke, Red Banks, Maxton, Moss Neck, Wakulla, and Rennert. Over the years, the Lumbee have migrated to other areas, primarily for employment. Thus there are sizeable settlements in Cumberland, Sampson, Hoke, Scotland, and Columbus Counties; in Greensboro, Charlotte, Detroit, Baltimore, Claxton, Georgia (between 1865 and the 1920's, to work turpentine and cotton), and a spurious group in Shasta County, north central California called the United Lumbee Nation which claims Lumbee origin. Robeson County is a triracial county. In 1900, Indians were 9.6% of the population. Lumbee people have tended to have large families; and in recent years, Lumbee people who migrated out for work have been returning home. Also, more Indians have been willing to identify as such on the federal census. As a result, in 1990 the county (which is the state's largest, with 949 square miles) was 38.5% Indian, 36.1% white, and 24.9% black. If current population trends continue, Indians will be 50% of the county's population by 2010.

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Origins of the Tribe

The Robeson County Archaeological Survey (1988) established that Indian people have lived in Robeson County for 14,000 years. The earliest written record (from the early 18th century) refers to the Cheraw tribe being along Drowning Creek (the upper Lumber, or Lumbee, River), so recent federal recognition bills have sought to rename the tribe "The Lumbee Tribe of Cheraw Indians" because of the belief that they developed from this Siouan tribe. Noted anthropologist John Reed Swanton, in a 1933 federal report, surmised their descent from the Cheraw, with contributions of blood from the Keyauwee, Eno, Shakori, Waccamaw, and Cape Fear Indians. The other widely known theory about Lumbee origins is that the Lumbee are descendants of Sir Walter Raleigh's 1587 Lost Colony at Roanoke Island, Virginia (now North Carolina) and their friendly Indian neighbors. According to Governor John White, Raleigh left the Colonists to return to England for supplies. When he got back, the Colonists had left; but carved on a tree was an inscription suggesting they had gone to Croatoan, an island belonging to the friendly Indian, Manteo's, people. John Lawson's history of North Carolina (1714) mentions his encounter with some Hatteras Indians on Roanoke Island who said their ancestors were White, could "talk in a book" (read), and often had grey eyes. From this, and from the facts that (1) 41 of 95 Lost Colonists' names appeared among the Lumbee and (2) they spoke Elizabethan dialect, state representative and local historian Hamilton McMillan wrote a pamphlet suggesting that these people, previously referred to as free persons of color, were Indian. In 1885, a state law was passed designating the tribe Croatan Indians and setting up separate schools for them. In 1887, another state law appropriated funds and land for a Croatan normal school (now University of North Carolina at Pembroke). The "Lost Colony Theory" of the tribe's origin was accorded further credence when, in 1891, Stephen B. Weeks published an article in Papers of the American Historical Association espousing and documenting the theory from maps and historical accounts.

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Tribal Name and Identity

Thus Hamilton McMillan's 1885 law gave the Lumbee their first name--Croatan Indians. It also gave them state recognition. Unfortunately the name Croatan came to be used as a racial slur. In 1911, a state law changed the name to Indians of Robeson County. In 1913, another state law changed the name to Cherokee Indians of Robeson County, and in 1953, still another to Lumbee Indians. In 1933 and 1934, federal bills were introduced to name the tribe Cheraw Indians and Siouan Indians of the Lumber River--more about this later. The name Lumbee comes from the Lumber River which, tradition has it, the Indians called Lumbee. This tradition fits with other rivers in the region--the Wateree, Pedee, and Congaree, all Sioux names. In 1956, a federal act named the tribe "Lumbee Indians." Unfortunately, its termination-era language did not afford the tribe true federal recognition. One phrase it contained was, "Nothing in this Act shall make such Indians eligible for any services performed by the United States for Indians because of their status as Indians, and none of the statutes of the U.S. which affect Indians because of their status as Indians shall be applicable to the Lumbee Indians."

Why the emphasis on a proper name? The Lumbee, since 1888, and still unsuccessfully, have sought true federal acknowledgment—more for the pride of Indian identity than for monetary benefits. Identity has been a dominant theme of Lumbee existence, as the remainder of this presentation will show. Adolph Dial and David Eliades, in their history of the Lumbee, The Only Land I Know, stated, "The central fact of Lumbee history is that the people are Indian in origin and social status." Hamilton McMillan wrote that when European settlers reached the Lumber River in the 1730's, they found a "large tribe of Indians, speaking English, tilling the soil, owning slaves and practicing many of the arts of civilized life." Adolph Dial, in his 1993 book, The Lumbee,states that his people "have lost or forgotten the language and many other aspects of their ancestral culture. In the eyes of many non-Indians, the Lumbee consequently appear to be less 'Indian' than some other groups (p. 22)." The strength of stereotypical views of Indians, and the power, during several periods of Lumbee history, of prejudice against any nonwhites, have caused the Lumbee to investigate their origins, seek a good tribal name, fight for federal recognition, and assert--sometimes violently--the fact of their Indianness. Again, to quote Adolph Dial, the Lumbee "refuse to accept others' narrow definitions of Indianness. They know that the way a person looks or behaves does not make him or her a Lumbee. Instead, they know that their Indianness lies in what they share--a love of their Robeson County home, a special history and heritage, and, perhaps most important, a certain way of viewing the world born from their unique past (p. 23)." I will elaborate in a few minutes on these characteristics Adolph names. But what convinces me--besides knowing the people and seeing the strength of their belief--(having lived in Robeson County for 4 1/2 years and returned frequently for visits) is the sheer volume of writing about the Lumbee. I listed, in my book, a selection of over 1,400 items, ranging from brief newspaper and magazine articles to literary works, scholarly journal articles, government reports, theses and dissertations, videotapes, and books. The archaeological evidence is strong. Also, many noted anthropologists, including John Reed Swanton, William Sturtevant, Raymond Fogelson, Guy Benton Johnson, Karen Blu, Gerald Sider, and Jack Campisi define the Lumbee as Indian. William Sturtevant, general editor of the Smithsonian Institution's revered Handbook of North American Indians, testified at a 1988 Congressional hearing on one of the many recent federal recognition bills. He said, "It is clear that the Lumbee have those characteristics that identify an Indian tribe (p. 86)." He adds, "Anthropologists over the last 100 years have agreed, everyone that has looked at the Lumbee case, that they are an Indian tribe . . . . I think one could say that anthropologists, as a profession, view the Lumbee as an Indian tribe (p. 22)." Gerald Sider, in his 1993 book Lumbee Indian Histories,states, "None of the 'reasons' usually given for contestibility of Lumbee identity could withstand even a few hours' close examination; all are social and cultural conditions that are widespread among Native Americans" (p. xxii). I will elaborate in a few minutes on the characteristics anthropologists name.

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Lumbee History and Activism

First I want to tell you a little more about Lumbee history. Lumbee people have suffered many of the same discriminations African-Americans have endured in the South. I will mention just a few. The earliest was the revised North Carolina Constitution drafted in 1835, which stated that no free negro, free mulatto, or free persons of mixed blood shall vote, bear arms without a license, or serve in a militia. These restrictions, in Robeson County, came to be applied to the Lumbee. Not until 1868 and 1875 were voting and officeholding restored. Between 1887 and 1941, a series of state laws was passed setting up separate schools for the Lumbee in Richmond, Scotland, Sampson, and other neighboring counties. There were even laws establishing separate quarters in the county jail, county rest home, and state hospital for the insane. In 1917, a state law decreed that the mayor of Pembroke (the Lumbee population center) would be appointed by the governor (thus always white). This was not repealed until 1945. In 1937, an article in the Robesoniandescribed the new Rowland movie theater. It had 478 seats (338 for whites). Whites sat on the main floor, Indians and blacks in separate sections of the balcony. Whites and Indians went in separate main entrances; blacks went in a side entrance. Indians did not serve on juries for forty years--they were deliberately not chosen until a letter of complaint was sent to the Robesonian and a petition given to the presiding judge in 1937. Not until around 1950 would North Carolina colleges (other than University of North Carolina at Pembroke) accept Lumbees as undergraduates. Not until 1953 could UNCP graduates attend North Carolina graduate programs. In 1934 the first Lumbee ran for public office (constable of Fairmont). In 1954, the first Lumbee was elected as a county official (Lacy Maynor, judge). In 1958, the first Lumbee was elected county commissioner. In 1963, the first Lumbee was elected to the Robeson County Board of Education. In 1973, Henry Ward Oxendine became the first Indian legislator in North Carolina. Not until 1989 did an Indian become Superior Court judge in North Carolina (Dexter Brooks).

Now, I would like to describe some incidents from Lumbee history showing activism. It has taken activism as well as persistence, help from the churches, sympathetic political leaders, and pressure from organizations outside the county to achieve the gains just mentioned.

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The Henry Berry Lowry Period

[Visual #3] Perhaps the most significant and influential is the Henry Berry Lowry period, 1865-1874. At first the Lumbee sided with the Confederacy. But the Confederacy started constructing Fort Fisher to protect the important merchant port of Wilmington. A yellow fever epidemic in 1862-1863 killed many slaves working on the fortifications. Slaveowners complained, so free persons of color, like the Lumbee, were conscripted. Many, including Henry Berry Lowry, hid in the swamps to escape conscription. They could be, and were, shot for evading military service. Union soldiers who escaped from Confederate prisons, and runaway slaves, did the same. This period was known by the Lumbee as "the starving times." The Lumbee were plundering white plantation storage bins and smokehouses to stay alive--sharing with poor blacks and whites as well. A group of white men called the Home Guard enforced conscription (sometimes viciously), dealt with the stock-plundering, saw to it that Indians didn't have firearms, and flushed out escaped white soldiers. Over a complicated series of accusations and incidents regarding thefts and conscription, the Home Guard shot Henry Berry Lowry's father and brother while he watched from hiding. Henry Berry and a group of supporters promptly stole a large quantity of rifles (purchased for the local militia) from the Lumberton courthouse and began an eight-year war to avenge the deaths. Henry Berry Lowry's tri-racial band also, Robin-Hood-like, robbed plantations, often showing up at dinnertime and dining with their hosts before carrying off the plunder in a mule and wagon. They stole two safes (one from the Sheriff's office and one from a large company), leaving them empty on the main street in Lumberton. Henry Berry Lowry escaped from jail twice. He and his band were outlawed in 1868--meaning anyone could kill them for the reward. The reward for Henry Berry Lowry climbed to $12,000, the largest offered in the 19th century except for Jesse James and Jefferson Davis. Federal troops and federal detectives were brought in. Henry Berry Lowry and his band killed 18 men, including the county sheriff. These men were leaders of posses sent to hunt them down, members of the Home Guard that killed Henry Berry Lowry's father and brother, and bounty hunters. The band's escapades received coverage in the New York Times and in Harper's Magazine [Visual #4]. The New York Herald sent correspondents to Robeson County, and an edited collection of their reports was published in book form in 1872. Henry Berry Lowry was never captured. He disappeared in 1874. Henry Berry Lowry inspired five books, three plays, the outdoor drama Strike at the Wind!,and a movie script. The period accounts for a selection of 60 entries in my bibliography.

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The Ku Klux Klan Routing and other events

Another significant incident of activism that received widespread publicity was the Lumbee routing of the Ku Klux Klan in early 1958. An Indian woman living in a white neighborhood started dating a white man. The Klan planned to show power to the Lumbee and advertised a rally at a farm near Maxton. Lumbee leaders made public statements of resentment, and local officials tried--unsuccessfully--to get it called off. On the night of the rally, 150 Klansmen showed up--as did 1,500-3,000 white, Lumbee, and black spectators--some armed. When the speech started, there was a war whoop. Shotguns fired, the stage light bulbs were shot out, and the loudspeaker was disabled. The Klan members ran. No one was hurt except one photographer, who was grazed when his camera was hit. The news coverage, which included this photograph in Lifemagazine [Visual #5], was so great that the Lumbee, for a time, operated a public relations office in Pembroke to handle inquiries.

Robeson County, until March of 1988, had five--sometimes six--school districts, which helped to perpetuate segregation. A law referred to by Indians as double-voting allowed town school district members to vote for county school board members (the county school district was 60% Indian) but not vice versa. Thus it was almost impossible for Indian school board candidates to get elected. The Lumbee struggle against this policy finally resulted in a successful class action suit in the U.S. Court of Appeals in 1975.

In 1970, Robeson County imposed an HEW-mandated school integration plan. The plan bused Indian students long distances, displaced Indian teachers, grouped Indian and black students together (resegregation), and--most importantly--took Indian children away from their hard-earned home-area schools. Five hundred Indian children sat in at their old, community schools from August, 1970 through June, 1971--the longest school sit-in in U.S. history.

[Visual #6] Old Main, the first brick building on the University of North Carolina at Pembroke campus, constructed in 1921, was scheduled for demolition in 1972 to allow the construction of a performing arts center on the site. Indians protested, because the building was for them a symbol of Indian heritage and achievement. The school was built, through much local expense and labor, to serve as a teacher-training school for the Lumbee. Lumbee protests against the demolition involved rallies, petitions, poems, fliers, threats to leave the Democratic party, and involvement of the National Congress of American Indians. The building was burned on March 18, 1973 (possibly by local Indians). As a result of Lumbee influence, federal and state funds were allocated to renovate Old Main; it was rededicated in February, 1980. It now houses UNCP's American Indian Studies program as well as the Native American Resource Center, an Indian museum.

On February 1, 1988, two Tuscaroras (a much smaller Indian group in the county) took employees of theRobesonian newspaper hostage for ten hours. They did so in protest of numerous problems and racial injustices in the county: police brutality against Indians; the killing of Jimmy Earl Cummings, a Lumbee, by white Sheriff's deputy Kevin Stone with few repercussions; out-of-control drug trafficking; seventeen long-unsolved murders of minorities; poor jail conditions; documented inequities toward minorities in the court system; and Indians and blacks clustered in low-paying jobs. The incident and its aftermath received massive publicity. As a result of this attention, dramatic changes occurred in the county's attention to race relations.

[Visual #7] In 1988, Lumbee activist Julian Pierce, an attorney who established Lumbee River Legal Services and worked to create a nonprofit health consortium for the poor (among his many achievements) started a campaign against white Robeson County district attorney Joe Freeman Britt for a newly-created, supposedly minority Superior Court judge's position. There had never been a Lumbee Superior Court judge in the county. Pierce was murdered on March 27, 1988. When the election was held, Pierce's name was still on the ballot; and he outpolled Britt. Britt filled the position, so a third minority judgeship was created in 1989. Lumbee attorney Dexter Brooks was appointed to it.

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Lumbee Achievements

Here are just a few examples of Lumbee achievements. In 1971, the Lumbee Bank (now Lumbee Guaranty Bank) became the first Indian-owned bank established in the United States. Brantley Blue was the first Indian appointed to the Indian Claims Commission. Lumbee professor and historian Adolph Dial was one of only five Indians to serve on the American Indian Policy Review Commission. Dial also started the American Indian Studies program at UNCP and served on the North Carolina legislature. Lumbee attorney Arlinda Locklear was the first Indian woman to argue a case before the U.S. Supreme Court. [Visual #8] The Lumbee have had their own weekly newspaper, the Carolina Indian Voice,since 1973. Lonnie Revels has served on Greensboro's City Council. There have been two Lumbee college presidents--Joseph Oxendine (who served from 1989-1999, was, oddly enough, only UNCP's second Indian chancellor) and Dean Chavers (who served as president of Bacone College, Muskogee, Oklahoma). Lumbee artist Lloyd Oxendine is curator of American Indian Community House Gallery/Museum, the first gallery of contemporary Indian art in the United States. Rose Marie Lowry, in 1990, was elected the fist Indian president of the North Carolina Association of Educators. Dr. James G. Jones, who has an endowed professorship at East Carolina University's medical school, was the 1988 Indian Physician of the Year and has been president of the American Academy of Family Physicians. Dennis Lowery, who runs Continental Industrial Chemicals, Inc. in Charlotte, with around 167 employees and $59 million in annual sales, was the Charlotte Chamber of Commerce's 1993 Entrepreneur of the Year. His is supposedly the nation's largest Indian-owned corporation. James Thomas is managing partner in Maguire-Thomas, which was the nation's largest commercial contractor in 1992. His personal net worth was over $40 million.

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Characteristics of Lumbee People

Here are some characteristics of the Lumbee that have been noted in the literature and that I have observed--followed by some themes that appear in the scholarship as well as in literary works, art, and music concerning them:

(1) The first and foremost, as we have seen, is Indian identity and heritage. Karen Blu expressed this well, near the close of her book: "Their identity has done more than allow the Lumbee to survive--it has been an active, motivating force enabling them to flourish" (The Lumbee Problem, p. 235).

(2) Robeson County as Home : Lumbee people who move away, however long they have been away, still consider Robeson County "home." They ask each other, "When have you been home?" They return home--when the job situation there is better, or because they finished their degree, or because they didn't like wherever they had moved as much as "Old Rob." There is even an annual Lumbee Homecoming festival in Pembroke. This began in 1970. One function of the festival is to help Lumbees outside the county maintain the tribal affiliation required by tribal membership guidelines.

[For some basic statistical and economic information on Robeson County, check the Robeson County Statistics page]

(3) Love of the Physical Features of Robeson County , especially the land and the river: Robeson County is the largest county in the state (949 square miles); it is nearly level to gently sloping, with elevations ranging from 60 to 250 feet. [Visual #9] Agriculture is probably still the chief economic activity. There are 1,500 farms, and 72% of them are less than 180 acres. The important crops are tobacco (59% of crop income), soybeans, cotton, corn for grain, and wheat. [Visual #10] The climate is humid subtropical--long, hot summers and short, mild winters. There are violent rainstorms in summer and sometimes tornadoes in spring (I remember well the 1984 tornadoes which hit Red Springs and did $10 million in damage). Robeson is a sunny county; there is sunshine over 50% of the day in winter and 70% in summer. The county is rural; 77% of housing units are classed in rural areas. [Visual #11] The Lumber River (which the Indians called Lumbee, meaning "black water") is officially designated a small blackwater stream. It runs for 58 miles through the county. Its tributaries (including Big Swamp, Ashpole Swamp, and Back Swamp) drain most of the county. It's called a blackwater river because the water is tea-colored; it absorbs tannic acid from the vegetation in and around the river as it moves slowly through the swamps. The river is mostly narrow, slow, and meandering--rarely over 10 feet deep. It rises in the Sandhills of Moore County and moves southeast through Richmond, Hoke, Scotland, Robeson and Columbus into South Carolina, where it becomes the Little Pee Dee. It was designated a North Carolina Natural and Scenic River in 1971. In 1989, a 115-mile section was named a state park. In September 1998, 81 miles of the river were added to the national Wild and Scenic Rivers system. [Visual #12] Laurel oak is the most common vegetation along the river--but there is also a lot of gum-cypress swamp, with cypress trees, tupelo gum, swamp gum, sweet gum, and willow oak. Fish are plentiful, as are beaver.

(4) Love of Family : [Visual #13] Throughout their history, many Lumbee have had large famiies; and family (especially extended family) is very important to them. [Visual #14] There is very close, frequent contact--some of my friends saw or talked to their mothers or siblings every day. There seemed to be a high tolerance of the behavior of people in the family, because they were family (this was noted in a doctoral dissertation). Often, family would give other family members land for a trailer or house and even help them build it (we see this often in mountain people, as well). Family would sometimes move in with other family members for awhile, or take care of their children for awhile. There are a few common surnames that are distinctly Lumbee--some were on the list of Lost Colonists. Oxendine, Locklear, and Brayboy are perhaps the most unusual. It is important for Lumbee people to connect each other up with their family, and many are related (however far back). Adolph Dial was fond of saying that when two Lumbee meet, within about five minutes they will have connected each other to someone they know or to distant kinsmen. I've witnessed these exchanges many times.

(5) Importance of Religion: Lumbee religion is primarily Protestant. One study has documented Lumbee Methodism back to 1787. Church membership and participation are very strong forces in Lumbee life. The Lumbee created two Indian church conferences--the Burnt Swamp Baptist Association (founded around 1880) and the Lumber River Conference of the Holiness Methodist Association. Bruce Barton documented 104 Lumbee churches in 1984; there are undoubtedly more now and have been more in earlier years. Ministers are highly revered. [Visual #15] Prospect Methodist Church, with 603 members in 1990, is purportedly the largest Native American church in the nation. When a sizeable number of Lumbee people move to another city, they often tend to settle in a particular section or neighborhood. They also establish a Native American church; this happened in Baltimore, Greensboro, Fayetteville, Charlotte, and Claxton, Georgia. The churches have been a strong force in community outreach, helping meet basic survival needs and achieve social justice. Lumbee ministers have started a couple of gospel television programs (and one entire station). The lead singer of the Lumbee gospel group Carla and Redemption is an announcer on a gospel radio station.

(6) Importance of Education : Some of the most revered Lumbee people, beside ministers, have been teachers and school administrators. The Lumbee strove long and hard (as we heard in a recent speech at Appalachian State University by Rosa Winfree) to establish their own schools public schools; to establish what became University of North Carolina at Pembroke (originally a teacher-training or normal school for the Lumbee) [Visual #16, Visual #17], to gain admission to other colleges in the state and then to graduate programs, and to gain representation on the county school board. The Lumbee were instrumental in the long struggle to merge the county's five school systems (1988), so that resources would be pooled and education improved for all races. As individuals, they strive to get college degrees for themselves, to keep their children in public school, to see that they get what they need from the schools, and then to send their children to the best college they can afford, taking advantage of programs for gifted minority students.

(7) Celebration of Successes of Individual Lumbee People : This theme shows up in literature, art, and music (as we'll see). It also appeared frequently in the newspaper articles (especially the Carolina Indian Voice) that I looked at for my book and in materials produced by the Title V Compensatory Indian Education Program. It is exemplified by the awards given out during Lumbee Homecoming each July 4. The list of firsts I went through earlier is actually much, much longer. The Lumbee have, for many years, recorded firsts--from the minor (such as the first Indian licensed chiropractor in North Carolina-1993) to the very significant (establishing the first Indian-owned bank in the nation, 1971; and the first Native American legislator in North Carolina--Henry Ward Oxendine in 1973). They also celebrate the wide range of areas in which Lumbee people have excelled. I mentioned several earlier, and will mention more as I continue.

(8) "Meanness" : Karen Blu sees this as linked to pride in being Indian. It includes a sensitivity to insult, a quickness in reacting to it, a willingness to stand up for themselves, and a tendency to settle issues, when necessary, with fighting or violence. This "meanness" is usually only manifested when there are attacks on the Lumbees' Indian identity (as we saw during the Henry Berry Lowry era, the Ku Klux Klan routing, and theRobesonian hostage-taking). It is usually aimed only at whites. There has, of course, been Indian meanness against other Indians--fights, cutting, shooting, or verbal threats. The characteristic of "meanness" goes back as far as 1753, when a military surveyor stated that people living on Drowning Creek shot at him for coming onto the land they were occupying, incomprehensibly to him, without paying rents or having patents.

(9) Cohesiveness : This "sticking together" is exemplified in several ways: settling in the same area of cities outside Robeson County (such as Baltimore); marrying within the tribe; forming political parties and church conferences; and fighting problems and discriminations as a group (for example, the school sit-ins to oppose desegregation and the Save Old Main movement).

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Lumbee Literature

First, I intend this discussion to be a survey, highlighting the types of literary works that have dealt with the Lumbee and the themes these works illustrate. For critical analysis, I recommend three excellent articles (The Lumbee Indians: An Annotated Bibliography items 352, 382, and 384) by Robert W. Reising, an English professor at University of North Carolina at Pembroke who teaches a course dealing with Lumbee literature.

Over the years there have been more literary works involving the Lumbee written by non-Lumbees than by the people themselves, although this trend appears to be changing.

The first theme I want to discuss, analyzed in depth by Reising's article in MELUS, is Henry Berry Lowry. Three Carolina folkplays featured this Lumbee folk hero. Paul Green's 1922 play, The Last of the Lowries,was the first play produced by the Carolina Playmakers. This group was founded at UNC-Chapel Hill by Frederick Koch to produce folk plays generated by his playwriting course. The Carolina Playmakers performed folkplays throughout the state and region. Two other Carolina folkplays dealt with Henry Berry Lowry: One was William Norment Cox's The Scuffletown Outlaws (1926). Cox grew up in the Robeson County town of Rowland. The other was Clare Marley's Swamp Outlaw (1939). Marley taught for some time in Robeson County schools. A 1940 novel by John Paul Lucas and Bailey T. Groome, The King of Scuffletoun,was based on stories told to Groome by Henry Berry Lowry's brother, Sinclair. A 1974 novel by Jeff Fields called A Cry of Angels has a major character, Em Jojohn, a Lumbee, who late in the novel recalls Henry Berry Lowry by using his formidable fighting abilities to resolve a political situation in Quarrytown and end the oppression of the town's residents of all races.

Another trend in Lumbee literature has been pageants or plays dealing with Lumbee history which were written more for performance than as literary works. [Visual #18] The first was a pageant written by Dakota Indian linguistic anthropologist Ella Deloria, called The Life Story of a People. It had a cast of 150 Lumbee people and was performed--with very favorable and enthusiastic response and lots of local and regional press coverage--in 1940 and 1941. Deloria, who was the aunt of Vine Deloria Junior, was employed by the Farm Security Administration to spend time living in the Pembroke community, study the Lumbee, and write and direct a community pageant about their origins and heritage. Her advisor at the time was Franz Boas. The pageant ranged from aboriginal times, through the Henry Berry Lowry period, to the present. The last surviving daughter of Henry Berry Lowry attended one of the presentations, and one of Henry Berry Lowry's rifles was used as a prop. Incidentally, people have searched through the years for a copy of the script, but it has never been uncovered. I have even corresponded with Vine Deloria Junior about this. He made several unsuccessful trips to Robeson County searching for it. A copy of a portion of a rough draft of the script has been discovered and can be viewed, or a photocopy obtained, from the Dakota Indian Foundation (see item DELO001).

Kate Rinzler, who was in Robeson County working, I believe, in an educational position, perhaps funded by Title V Compensatory Indian Education, produced a two-act documentary in 1988 called "The Miracle of Maxton Field"--based on interviews with people who witnessed the 1958 Ku Klux Klan routing. She also produced a children's play, again based on oral history and set in the 1920's, called "Going Seining," about Indians seining for subsistence.

The idea for an outdoor drama based on Lumbee history surfaced as early as 1963 in a proposal from University of North Carolina at Pembroke chancellor English Jones. Originally, Paul Green was involved in writing the script, but finally only Randolph Umberger's name appeared on it. The first performance of Strike at the Wind! was July 2, 1976. The play deals with the Henry Berry Lowry era, features many Lumbee actors, and was performed each summer in an amphitheater in the Lumbee settlement of Red Banks. (There was a hiatus in its performance for a couple of years; but the play resumed production in summer 2006.)

The most recent pageant was spearheaded by Scott Meltsner, a recent graduate of Brown University, and funded by North Carolina Arts Council, with contributions from several Robeson County entities. Called the Robeson County Indian Play Project, it used group scripting by Barbara Braveboy-Locklear, Karen Coronado, Hayes Locklear, Hatty Ruth Miller, and others. Twenty Lumbee actors performed the play, called "Listen to the River," in April 1993.

Another trend which I noticed immediately was the use of Lumbee characters, themes, and settings as an element of local color. It also seems that many of the writers who employ the Lumbee in their work have North Carolina, or even Robeson County, ties. Here are some examples. (1) Waldron Bailey's 1916 novel, The Homeward Trail (see item 285),set near the end of the Civil War. In this work, a young mountain boy falls in love with the daughter of Henry Berry Lowry, who by then is the 50-year-old chief of a Croatan Indian settlement. Bailey was a North Carolina businessman and outdoorsman. (2) Gerald W. Johnson, also a North Carolinian, wrote a 1930 novel, By Reason of Strength (based on his own family's migration from Scotland to America). In a minor episode, the main character, Catharine White, goes to Scuffletown (an old name for Pembroke) and uses medicinal herbs to treat a smallpox epidemic among the Croatan Indians. (3) A 1964 young adult novel by Gwen Kimball, The Puzzle of Roanoke, involves a teenaged library assistant who helps a wealthy man establish a connection between the man's great-grandmother and John Cheven of the Lost Colony. They visit the Robeson County farm of a Lumbee actor in The Lost Colony. (4) North Carolina writer Manly Wade Wellman wrote a 1951 juvenile novel, The Haunts of Drowning Creek,in which two boys take a canoe trip on Drowning Creek (the upper part of the Lumber River) hunting confederate gold and run into some Lumbee Indians. [Visual #19] (5) A 1990 Harlequin Historical novel, Stormwalker (by two writers, Dixie Browning and Mary Williams, who have lived in North Carolina), features one of the first Lumbee, an Indian named Stormwalker who is the son of a Hatteras chief and a White woman and was born on the island of Croatoan.

We have seen the trend of literary works reflecting or dealing directly with events in Lumbee history. There have been poems and songs with do this, in addition to the longer works already discussed. The Ku Klux Klan routing quickly inspired a couple of poems--one called "The Charge of the Lumbee Indians." It also inspired a ballad by folksinger Malvina Reynolds, called "The Battle of Maxton Field," which she performed on an album and which, I am told, was also performed by the Limelighters. Another example is on your handout--the poem "As the Wind Changeth--A New Name." This poem was written by a Lumbee using the pen name The Diamond Kid. His real name was Carlee Hunt. Submitted to the Robesonian newspaper on February 14, 1934, it gently pokes fun at tribal leaders' search for a name that will convince others of what his people had known all along--their Indian heritage and identity. "Hamilton Mac" is Hamilton McMillan, the state legislator who got the Croatan bill passed in 1885. "Cherokee" was the name passed into law by North Carolina in 1913. "Dr. Swain" refers to John Reed Swanton, the anthropologist whose 1933 federal report said the tribe was descended from Siouan tribes, most prominently the Cheraw and Keyauwee. Some copies of his report include a handwritten note that "an accurate designation would be 'Siouan Indians of the Lumber River.'" This note caused a flurry of activity in the U.S. Congress. Two factions among the Lumbee were battling for federal recognition. A bill was introduced to recognize the Indians as Cheraw--but it was superseded by a bill, and hearings, for the name Siouan. At the same time, a different faction wanted to introduce a bill for federal recognition (they already had this as state recognition and tribal name) as Cherokee Indians of Robeson and Adjacent Counties.

We have already seen the trend of writing projects--funded by Title V Compensatory Indian Education or other agencies--which produce literary works by or about the Lumbee. This trend seems to be increasing. Some of the writing produced by these projects illustrates themes noted earlier: (1) Robeson County as home, and (2) Indian identity.

[Visual #20] Barbara Braveboy-Locklear, who for several years administered the Indian Education Resource Center for the Robeson County schools and is now a private consultant on topics involving the Lumbee and other North Carolina tribes, has been involved in several of these projects. Her credentials are numerous, and her knowledge level extensive. She has been speaking and writing about her people for many years. In 1992 she conducted a writing workshop for 18 Native American women, funded by Z. Smith Reynolds and the North Carolina Writers' Network. A selection of the materials they wrote was published in Pembroke Magazine, a literary "little magazine" published annually at University of North Carolina at Pembroke. One of your handouts is her essay, "Land of the Lumbee." Note the many references to the Robeson County landscape--the river, the swamps, the plants used for food and medicine, and the wildflowers among the cornfields (I've seen this many times). Notice also her statement, "I do not care to live any other place." This is a deep, abiding belief for many Lumbee people.

Another project, called Lumbee Voices, collected poetry and prose written by 41 Lumbee high school students. The project was conducted by Ben Turner, a recent graduate of Appalachian State University, and Jeff Currie as part of their Indian literature course at UNCP in 1993. They edited the writings, grouping them into categories such as Stereotype, Identity, Heroes, Nature, and History. You have one fine example, "The Indian Way," as a handout.

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Lumbee Art

Attention for Lumbee artists has been relatively recent, and only a handful have received the notice they deserve, particularly beyond the local or state level. Lumbee art has been nurtured by these factors: (1) the annual selection of a painting by a Lumbee artist for auction to raise funds for Strike at the Wind.Gloria Tara Lowery's painting, "Spirit of a People" (depicting Henry Berry Lowry) was auctioned by $10,000. (2) the commissioning of artworks by Title V Compensatory Indian Education and, occasionally, by Lumbee individuals. (3) exhibitions sponsored and publicized by the Native American Resource Center, an excellent museum at University of North Carolina at Pembroke--particularly since Dr. Stanley Knick has been curator.

The Lumbee artist who has gained the most acclaim, over the longest period of time, has been Gene Locklear. [Visual #21] Locklear, who grew up on a farm in Pembroke, played professional baseball for ten years--first minor league with the Cincinnati Reds, then major league with the San Diego Padres and New York Yankees. He retired from baseball in 1979 to pursue an art career. His work is in the White House, Smithsonian Institution, various art museums, governors' mansions, and the personal collections of 150 pro athletes, celebrities, corporate CEOs, and political and other public figures. His specialties are Native American themes (as you just saw) and sports art. He was the NFL Super Bowl artist in 1988, and in 1992 was commissioned the Official Artist of the NFL. In the last few months he did a life-sized poster of Michael Jordan and presented it to him. His work has been immensely popular in Robeson County and elsewhere--in fact, Title V Compensatory Indian Education and others have commissioned his work, including a large painting called "Henry Berry Lowry and the Lumbee River." It does, however, evoke stereotypes of Plains Indians.

Another example of Gene Locklear's work is the poster of Harold Collins on the table. Collins commissioned the poster. [Visual #22] Collins is an amazing guy, both personally and athletically. He's a powerlifter who runs a gym in the town of Pembroke. His nickname is Chief Iron Bear. He twice won the American National Powerlifting contest; he won a gold medal at the 1993 World Powerlifting Championships, and in 1994 was the world bench press champion, pressing 705 pounds. The photograph you saw was from April, 1994, when Collins placed in the Guinness Book of World Records for pulling five tractor trailer cabs (weighing 86,560 pounds) 51 feet at the Charlotte Motor Speedway. This was a new world record for pulling weight without assistance. Collins travels around the country and the world talking about the importance of fitness (especially to youth) and about his Native American identity. He does a great deal of work for charity. In January he did another truck pull to raise funds for St. Jude's Children's Hospital.

Lumbee educators like Barbara Braveboy-Locklear and Hayes Locklear (who now has a florist shop and sells Lumbee arts and crafts), as well as museum curators, are being called upon by the public and the artists and craftspersons themselves to help find, make accessible, support, and develop Lumbee arts and crafts. One approach they are taking is to encourage artists and craftspeople to incorporate themes and materials that research and oral history confirm as being Lumbee. [Visual #23] Hayes Locklear, for instance, designed the regalia you see in this photograph of Miss Lumbee, Miss Indian USA, and Little Miss Lumbee. He studied written records back to the 1800's and concluded that at that time, Lumbee women's clothing would have basically been European style. The hair would have been worn much like Navajo women, with a bun at top and bottom. The quilt he incorporated into the dress is the Pine Cone pattern (unique to the Lumbee). He used other Robeson County materials as well--a chinaberry necklace; a ball of cotton twine in the pocket; and a headdress resembling a war bonnet worn by the Pamunkey, Piscataway, and Catawba in earlier periods but revived by the Lumbee during the Red Man Lodges of the 1930's and 1940's (there are existing photographs which show this). This candidate for Miss Indian USA, for her talent, tied tobacco and talked about its importance to Lumbee women. Artists and craftspeople, with this kind of encouragement from educators, are working with gourds (which documentation shows were used by the Lumbee as utensils in the past), weaving baskets, and making jewelry from natural materials such as chinaberries and pumpkin seeds. Educators such as Hayes see that the accelerated move, in recent years, for federal recognition, and the research it has necessitated, have caused an inner seeking among Lumbee artists and craftspersons. They are rediscovering and reviving Lumbee ways and traditions, especially the natural environment of Robeson County, and incorporating this into their work, rather than echoing stereotypes of Plains Indians, as was widely done ten years ago.

Another trend in Lumbee art--which we saw in literature as well--is the use of events from Lumbee history. There are many paintings dealing with Henry Berry Lowry. These can be seen at the Native American Resource Center at University of North Carolina at Pembroke, at the Indian Education Resource Center just down the road from UNCP, in local newspaper articles, and even reproduced in restaurants in Robeson County. There are also paintings dealing with the election of the first Lumbee sheriff, the important figures in Lumbee education, and [Visual #24] the Ku Klux Klan routing. Notice how this painting incorporates the photograph we saw earlier from Lifemagazine.

Another Lumbee painter who has received attention since about 1989 is Karen Coronado. [Visual #25] Her work was featured in a one-woman show called "The Spiral Dance" at UNCP's Native American Resource Center in late 1994. Her 31 works included acrylic and oil paintings, painted gourds, and works incorporating leather and bone. Her style is contemporary. The exhibition received very favorable comment and lots of interest from students, the general public, and art professors--even though the general public in Robeson County has been slow to accept contemporary art. Coronado was one of eight women chosen from 500 emerging Native American women artists for inclusion in a 1992 book called Women in American Indian Society. The book, by Rayna Green, was published by Chelsea House.

Hatty Ruth Miller's work, like Karen Coronado's, is contemporary. She is 45. Her mother is Lumbee. She spent half her life in California and half in Robeson County, where she now lives and works for the Public Defender's Office. She is self-taught. Her paintings are sold at Mother Earth Galleries (Hayes Locklear's florist shop, which I mentioned earlier). Hayes notes that he has received more negative comments about her contemporary style than about other Indian works he sells--but he has also sold more of her works than anyone else's. Here is a quotation from Miller: "In the process of my work, I aim to evoke the seemingly silent memories of my ancestors. Our past, from the beginning of time, can seem to be held in a closed box, where no light exists and one cannot see or touch it; yet we know it is there. When in truth, I believe that our ancient past exists in unspoken memories and is brought to life in the color, tone, texture, and shape of our lives."

This first painting evokes Native American images through the feather in the woman's hair and the sharp, gaunt angles of her face. To me, it speaks more strongly through the words written underneath--"I walked across a frozen lake"--about a woman who, after emotional pain, is willing to transcend the numbness which follows pain and open her heart and feelings to a man once again.

The second painting suggests Native American regalia with the bold design behind the Indian's head. It also makes me recall a statement by Adolph Dial: The Lumbee know that the way a person looks or behaves does not make her or him Indian. But for the Lumbee, the central fact of their history is that they are Indian in origin and social status. This painting of Hatty's, to me, represents this centrality of Indian identity for the Lumbee; this shows the way they view themselves.

The painting (again by Hatty Ruth Miller) I have here [Visual] resonates both Robeson County and Lumbee themes in several ways. The dark blue recalls the Lumber River; the brown vertical, the flatness and clay soil of Robeson County; the white spots, the bright sunniness of Robeson County's climate; this green shape, a turtle--frequently seen in the Lumber River; the red vertical, Indianness; the cross shape, the importance of church to the Lumbee; the circle, the interconnectedness of things in Native American spirituality.

The range of Lumbee arts and crafts extends far beyond painting. The works of many of theartists I'm going to list can be seen at the Native American Resource Center at UNCP, and at the Indian Education Resource Center. Timothy P. Locklear and Harold B. Locklear are working in ceramics. Evelyn White is carving in soapstone. Mike Wilkins does wood and soapstone carving. Mary Bell makes baskets. Lela Brooks, of the Saddletree community, at age 85, recently won a North Carolina Folk Heritage award for intricate crocheted works, such as tablecloths, that she has been making since childhood from white cotton tobacco twine.

Another area of artistic representation of the Lumbee is photography. The Lumbee have been of interest to photographers since 1929, when the Robesonian reported that Doris Ulmann visited Pembroke to photograph the area's Indians. Ulmann is best known for her photography of Appalachian people, and her portraiture of the New York literary, theatrical, and medical community. You have already seen a photograph by National Geographic photographer Steve Walls. It was part of a photographic essay on Lumbee elders in a magazine called Northeast Indian Quarterly. Roger Manley, who writes about and photographs outsider art (among other things), did a wonderful series of 49 photographs of Lumbee people and their ways called "Scattered Feathers." These were on exhibit at the Native American Resource Center in January. In 1994, Mark Wagoner did a series of photographs called "Pathmakers: North Carolina Native American Women of Distinction." Some of these were published in the 1995 Pembroke Magazine I mentioned earlier. A very significant exhibition, from which there are four items on loan on the table, is called "Recollections: Lumbee Heritage." It showed at Charlotte's Mint Museum of Art between January and March of 1995, and then at University of North Carolina at Pembroke. For this exhibition, photographs taken between 1870 and 1945 were collected from Lumbee people by the Museum staff. The photographs concentrated on Lumbee family life, social gatherings, farm work, and religious and spiritual ceremonies. Then, Lumbee photographer David Oxendine made parallel photographs of these same themes in 1994. The Mint Museum staff, the Native American Resource Center, and Barbara Braveboy-Locklear did field research to document the early photographs that were submitted. There were a total of 40 photographs. Barbara gathered oral histories to expand upon the photographs through panels that accompanied them and through gallery walk-throughs which she led.

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Lumbee Music

I will discuss music only briefly and am consciously omitting (but not denying the importance of) the music and dance of pow-wows.

Church and gospel music have long been important among the Lumbee. A masters thesis was done in 1943 on Lumbee singing conventions, which were gatherings of groups of singers from the area churches of one denomination to sing religious music. The records of the singing conventions of the Burnt Swamp Baptist Association were meticulously kept in ledger books by their secretary, Lacy Maynor.

Now I want to turn to another type of music which I'll call educational music. [Visual #28] Willie French Lowery recorded an album in the 1970's called Proud to Be a Lumbee. Willie spent many years singing this and other songs about Lumbee history for school children in Robeson County. He also won an award for the album from the North Carolina Federation of Music Clubs. He earned the Raleigh News and Observer's "Tar Heel of the Week" tribute in 1979, after he had written the score for the outdoor drama Strike at the Wind!. In 1993 (the more recent photos you see) he started a studio, Soundsation, in which he and others will record gospel, country, or rock music. Lowery produced another album--consisting, once again, of educational songs aimed at young people, called A Tribute to Old Main. Here is part of a song from that album, called "Wheel of Life," which mentions the process, and people involved, in constructing the first school building which evolved into University of North Carolina at Pembroke.

Gospel music is very popular among the Lumbee, and there are a number of groups which travel to various churches, community centers, and events to sing free of charge. A studio was recently established, Triple R in Pembroke, to record tapes for these groups to sell so they could recoup a little of their traveling expenses. Some groups, such as the Pierce Family, have been singing for many years and have recorded several albums and tapes. One of the Pierces wrote the song "Thinking About Home" a few months before Julian Pierce's death. It includes a verse about death and family members dying--so the Pierces recorded an album with this as the lead song, dedicating the album to Julian. The photograph of Julian you saw earlier was from that album. Here is a song from one of their tapes, Exquisite. The song is called "I want Us to Be Together in Heaven." It's very representative of their music and that of other Lumbee gospel groups.

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Glenn Ellen Starr Stilling
Librarian and Professor
Belk Library and Information Commons
Appalachian State University
Boone, NC 28608
e-mail: glennellen@boone.net
Text written on April 21, 1996

Minor updates and revisions on June 8, 1999, April 6, 2002, and April 18, 2007

This page was updated on May 6, 2008 1:56 PM

Copyright © 2007, Glenn Ellen Starr Stilling. This document may be reproduced only if this copyright notice is reproduced with it.

Brooks Elected Tribal Chairman

2011-11-16T17:40:00.000-05:00

http://robesonian.com/bookmark/16449302/article-Brooks+elected+tribal+chairman

Thomas Going Research - Part I

2011-09-07T05:33:00.000-04:00

My Going – Goin – Goins Line

I have been researching the Going/Goin/Goins family, off and on, since the late 1970’s or early 1980’s. I have corresponded with many researchers about our family – Warren Tyndale Faulkner, Leon Meyers, Arlee Gowen, Cyndie Goins Hoelscher, Jack Goins, Tracy Hudgins (formerly Hutchison) and most recently, Sandra Loridans, Dianne Thurman and Beverly Nelson – just to name a few. For the past 10 or 15 years my cousin, Troy Goins, and I have worked together and made many research excursions to the areas surrounding Claiborne County, TN, Randolph County, NC and most recently several counties in Virginia.

Our most distant, proven ancestor is Thomas Going, c. 1729-1797, of Randolph County, NC. We believe Thomas must have come to North Carolina from Virginia. Most of the Virginia counties that we’ve researched were along the North Carolina border trying to see where he may have lived prior to settling in Randolph County. A few years ago we located his will, dated February 7, 1797 (Randolph County Will Book 2, p. 37) which listed our Burton as one of his children. P. G. Fulkerson wrote that Burton “came to Lonesome Valley (in Claiborne County, TN) from N.C. about 1835.”

Troy and I have long believed that Thomas Goin (old Tommy), the American Revolutionary War soldier of Claiborne County, TN, was an older son of our Thomas Going in North Carolina, an older brother to our Burton. There has been much research on “old Tommy” of Claiborne County but no one had been able to locate his father. We attended the memorial service for Thomas Goin on October 10, 2009 at Pleasant Point cemetery, in Claiborne County, Tennessee, hoping to meet some of his descendants who might have a genealogical link to our Goins line, but we struck out.

On one of our excursions in February 2010 Troy and I went to the library and state archives in Nashville, TN to do some research on our genealogy. We ran across a book that had a chapter on the Goins family. It was by Beverly Nelson in Littleton, Colorado and had our Thomas Going in it! I found her phone number online and called her to order a couple of her books. She only had two left and I ordered them both for Troy and I. Bev has done extensive research on the Goin(s) family and also written articles for the Gowen Research Foundation newsletter. She believed, as Troy and I did, that “old Tommy” and our Burton were brothers, sons of Thomas Going of Randolph County, NC. Over the next few weeks she kept urging me to contact Jack Goins of Rogersville, Tennessee and participate in the Goins Y-DNA project.

I finally decided to order my Y-DNA test kit in March 2010 and got my results back in April. Sure enough – I was a match with several of “old Tommy’s” descendants – including Pat Goin Jones and Sherry Goin whom I had met in June 2010 at the Melungeon Historical Society conference in Sneedville, Tennessee. When I forwarded my Y-DNA results to Bev Nelson she was beside herself. Later, in August, she located Wilson Goin’s Civil War claim which listed Sterling Goin as Wilson’s second cousin. (Tracy Hudgins had sent me a copy of Wilson’s Civil War claim a year earlier but I had not made the connection between Wilson and Sterling.) Bev is a descendant of Sterling so she immediately made the connection. She put this information alongside my Y-DNA results and called it the “smoking gun” in solving the mystery of “old Tommy’s” father – our Thomas Going of Randolph County, NC! Combine the DNA results and Wilson’s Civil War claim – that’s pretty conclusive evidence.

Troy and I decided to focus our attention on finding Thomas Going’s parents and his place of birth. We had assumed he was born and raised in Virginia. We had seen where some of “old Tommy’s” descendants believe he was born in Brunswick County, VA so we decided to make that one of our stops. We had planned on returning to the state archives in Raleigh, NC after visiting some of the southern Virginia counties surrounding Brunswick County. After visiting with Bev we decided to also swing on up to Fairfax County, VA on that trip. We weren’t just grasping at straws when we decided to go to Fairfax County. When I visited Bev in her home last September she had shared some information she had found on a John and Mary Keife Gowen, with a son Thomas. It was a deed where they were buying land in Fairfax County. She had suggested that we try to locate the original deed.

In October 2010, on our way to Virginia, we visited Granville County, NC because we had seen where a Thomas Going had paid taxes there in the 1750s and 1760s. We found the records but weren’t able to make a concrete connection with him. We spent a couple of days in Mecklenburg, Lunenburg, Brunswick and Greensville counties in Virginia and did find some information on the same John Gowen which Bev hoped we would find in Fairfax County. From there we headed to Virginia Beach, but not for genealogy purposes. We had to give our wives a break from the research (which they are not interested in) in order to preserve their sanity. From there we had to move on to Raleigh, NC because our time was running out. On our way to Raleigh we did have the opportunity to visit a couple of libraries in Southampton County, VA.

On October 15, 2010 Troy and I got to see the ACTUAL will of our Thomas Going that he had written in February of 1797! It is in the state archives in Raleigh, NC. I can’t describe the feeling of looking at a document that one of your ancestors had written 213 years earlier! I took a picture of it and then got an official stamped copy of it. We never made it up to Fairfax County on that excursion.

In December of 2010 Pat Goin Jones, Sherry Goin, Troy and myself started planning a trip to Fairfax County, VA for the summer of 2011. I had learned of the Genealogy Jamboree that was scheduled for Cumberland Gap, TN so we planned our Virginia trip to coincide with the Jamboree.

In June of 2011 we spent a couple of days at the Genealogy Jamboree in Cumberland Gap before heading to Fairfax County, VA. It was a very informative genealogy seminar and among the speakers were Jack Goins, foremost Melungeon researcher and Roberta Estes, foremost DNA expert.

Our first stop in Fairfax County was the courthouse and I immediately asked for John and Mary’s deed that was dated 1740. She told us their records only dated back to 1742 and my heart sank! However we were able to locate it in about 10 minutes, along with three other deeds for John. The indenture had taken place in 1740 but wasn’t recorded until 1743, thus they had a copy of it. There was also a deed for a Thomas Going dated 1743. It’s not likely this was our Thomas as he is suspected to have been born around 1730. However it may be another ancestor that we haven’t connected with yet. The next day we went to Prince William County, VA and found more information on John and Mary Gowen.

We returned from that trip with nearly 500 pages of information from the various Virginia counties. We now have the task of going through all of it and sorting it out. We have no concrete evidence as of yet, but we believe this Thomas, son of John and Mary Keife Gowen, may be our Thomas Going of North Carolina. If we can prove this we will have gone back two more generations because one of the deeds listed William Gowen as the father of John Gowen.

In future articles I will trace our family movements from Randolph County, NC to Claiborne County, TN and points beyond.

Eddie Goins

Ottawa County, OK Early Records

2011-07-25T18:21:00.000-04:00

Submiited by Annette Corbell

Ottawa County Probate record
Oakley Goins (Book 1 # 1 - very first probate filed)
Jesse Goins Book 1 #551
Arah Wanna Goins (minor) Book 2 #627
Ezra Goins Book 2 #617

Ottawa County Marriage records 1907-1938
Book 4 1917-1918
Mrs. May Bell Goins #1980
John D. Goins #2204

Book 6 1919-1920
J.C. Goins #3069
J.A. Goins #3102

Book 8 1921-1923
Miss Jessie Goins #4611

Book 10 1924-1925
Alta B. Goins #5523
Tidbits W. Goins #5735

Book 11 1925-1926
Mrs. Mary Belle Goins

Book 12 1926 Feb-Dec
Ida Goins #7391
Lelage V. Goins to Laster Russell Griffith #7617
Miss Oklay Goins #7626

Book 13 1926-1928
Nettie Goins #8028

Book 15 1929-1931
Margaret Goins #9020
Hale Edward Goins #9085

Book 16 1931-1933
Doyle Goins

Book 17 1933-1934
Nettie Goins #10255

Ottawa County Early School Census Records 1912-1915

A.K. Goins - Mae (parents) school district 31
Lebage 8/9/1903
Hale 8/27/1907

Andy Goins - Selena (parents) school district 31
Orson 8/30/1902
Ammon 3/9/1907

V.T. Goins - Lydia (parents) school district 28
Jessie 8/13/1899
Alta 1/15/1902
Luther 12/2/1904
Nettie 12/30/1907
Gus Smith 3/3/1892
Fred Smith 8/5/1895
Cora Smith 4/11/1894

W.E. Goins (parent) school district 28
Tibits 2/16/1903

C.F. McGaha - school district 23 (Miami)
Helen 5/14/1894

School District 28 is Aurora (later consolidated to Fairland)
School District 31 is Fairland

Wythe County, VA Early Records

2011-07-17T18:23:00.002-04:00

From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wythe_County,_Virginia

History

Wythe County was formed from Montgomery County in 1790. It was named after George Wythe, the first Virginian signer of theDeclaration of Independence. During the Civil War the Battle of Cove Mountain was fought in the county.

Wythe County is also home to the Austinville community which was founded by Stephen and his brother Moses Austin, father of the famous Stephen F. Austin. In the 1790s the Austins took over the mines that produced lead and zinc; the town was named for the Austin surname, and not for any one particular Austin of the brothers who bore that surname. Lead was mined and shipped throughout the fledgling country; lead shot was also produced. Located near Fosters Falls, Jackson Ferry Shot Tower still stands as a testament to the citizens of Wythe County. Lead was hoisted to the top of the tower using block and tackle and oxen. The lead was melted in a retort and then poured through a sieve at the top of the tower. The droplets of molten lead would become round during the 150-foot descent. The shot would collect in a kettle of water and workers would enter through a 110-foot access tunnel located near the bank of the New River to retrieve the shot from the kettle.

The lead mines closed in 1982 due to new United States Environmental Protection Agency‎ standards and the lack of market for lead. The mines have since filled with water; the main shaft extended in excess of 1100 feet straight down.

Another notable area within the county is the unincorporated community of Fort Chiswell - named for a French and Indian War era fort. The fort and its surrounding buildings served as the county seat until the incorporated town of Wytheville was established approximately 10 miles to the west. The fort fell into disrepair and its ruins were covered over when the intersection of I-77 and I-81was constructed in the 1970s. A pyramid marker now stands in the approximate location of the former fort. The community was named for Colonel John Chiswell who helped establish the lead mines (1757) prior to the Austin's purchase.
***********************************************************************
From: http://www.freeafricanamericans.com/wythe.htm

Wythe County Personal Property Tax List

1802-1820

Library of Virginia microfilm no. 351

1802 [nothing]

1803 B, List of John Crockett

Moses Emancipate 1 tithe [frame 48]

1807 A, List of John Stanger

Isaac Maxwel (free Mulatto) 1 tithe 2 horses [frame 137]

1809 A, List of John Stanger

Isaac Maxwell (free mulatto) 1 tithe 4 horses [frame 162]

1810 B, List of John Sanders

Thomas Garner a free negro 1 tithe [frame 198]

Nepton Peters 1 tithe [frame 202]

1811 B, List of James Newell

David Gowen 2 tithes 2 horses [frame 223]

1812 A, List of James Newell

Dudley Gowin 1 tithe 1 horse [frame 236]

David Gowin 1 tithe 2 horses

1813 A, List of James R. Kent

column for "Free Negroes and Mullatoes" written here as "FN"

Jessee Cox 0 white tithes, 2 horses, 1 FN [frame 262]

Dudley Goens (a free Negro) [writing is partially erased] 2 white tithes, 1 horse 2 FN [frame 266]

Same David Goens 2 white tithes, 1 horse, 1 FN

A free Negro Senty 0 white tithes, 1 horse, 1 FN [frame 276]

A free negro Lewis 1 FN [frame 277]

Daniel Whitacre 1 white tithe 1 FN [frame 279]

1814 A, List of James R. Kent

column for "Free Negroes & Mullatoes" written here as "FN"

Jessee Cox 1 horse 1 FN [frame 298]

David Going 1 white tithe 1 horse [frame 302]

Dudly Going 1 white tithe 1 horse

Neption a free Negro 1 horse, 1 FN [frame 306]

Sauntee a free Negro 1 horse, 1 FN [frame 308]

Lewis a free Negro 1 horse, 1 FN [frame 309]

Daniel Whitacre 1 white tithe [frame 311]

1815 List of John Stanger

List of taxable property, within the new Boundaries, added to my precinct:

List of free negroes and mullattoes [frame 347]

Pat a free negro

Cox a free mulatto

1815 B, List of John A. Sanders

column for Free male negroes above 16 Years old

John Canady a free Negro 1 FN [frame 356]

Santy How (a free Negro) 1 slave over 16, 2 horses 1 FN [frame 364]

Charles Hunt (a free Negro) 1 horse, 1 cattle, 1 FN [frame 366]

Lewis a free Negro 1 FN [frame 368]

Neptune Peters (a free Neg) 1 FN [frame 372]

1816 A, List of John A. Sanders

David Gown 2 tithe 2 horses [frame 393]

Absolem Goen 1 tithe

Dudley Goen 1 tithe 1 horse

1816 B, List of Granville Wade

List of Free Negroes [frame 415]

Jesse Cox in Staleys Town

Free Jack at Henry Hambletons

1817 A, List of John A. Sanders

Dudley Goin 1 tithe [frame 424]

David Goen 2 tithes 2 horses

Absolem Goen 1 tithe

1818 A, List of John Stanger

Jesse Cox 1 tithe [frame 453]

1818, List of John Stanger

Dudley Goen 1 tithe 1 horse [frame 471]

Absolem Goen 1 tithe 1 horse

David Goen S^r 1 tithe 2 horses

David Goen J^r 1 tithe

Charles Hunt (a free Negro) 1 horse

Lewis Stephens (a free Negro) 1 horse [frame 475]

1819 B, List of John Stanger

Thomas Garner (free Negro) 1 tithe [frame 502]

Charles Hunt (free negro) 1 tithe

1820 List of John Stagner

Jesse Cox (mulatto) 1 tithe 1 horse [frame 512]

Joseph Dale (mulatto) 1 tithe

Jacob (a free negro) 1 tithe [frame 515]

1820, List of John A. Sanders

David Goen S^r 1 tithe 2 horses [frame 528]

David Goen J^r 1 tithe

Absolem Goen 1 tithe 1 horse

Santy Howe (a free negro) 1 tithe, 1 slave over 16, 1 horse [frame 29]

Jacob Lash (a free negro) 1 tithe [frame 530]

Jamse Nus (a free negro) 1 tithe 1 horse [frame 531]

John Wilson (a free negro) 1 tithe [frame 533]

*************************************
http://www.freeafricanamericans.com/revolution.htm
David Gowen was head of Wythe County, Virginia household of 8 "other free" in 1810. He was about seventy-six years old on 26 February 1834 when he appeared in Hamilton County, Tennessee Court to apply for a pension for his services in the Revolution. He testified that he entered the service in Halifax County, Virginia, moved to Grayson County, Virginia, for three years, then to Wythe County for ten years, then to Grainger County, Tennessee, for fourteen years and lived in Hamilton County for one year. His younger brother Laban Goens testified on his behalf [M805-362, frames 27-30].

See added note below.

*****************************************
Additional note to the above record for David Gowen.

From Melungeons: And Other Pioneer Families by Jack H. Goins

David Smith Going stated in his Revolutionary War Pension that he was born in Hanover County.

You may also view his pension testimony at:
http://southerncampaign.org/pen/index.htm#g

**************************************************

From the Library of Virginia

URL (Click on link)	http://image.lva.virginia.gov/CP/html/06144.html Document Image
Title	Goine, Sallie.
Publication	1888
Gen. note	Part of index to pension applications filed by Virginia Confederate veterans and their widows.
Note	Unknown
Subject - Personal	Goine, Sallie.
Subject - Topical	Military pensions. -- United States -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Indexes. -- Indexes.
Subject -Geographic	Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Registers.
	Wythe County (Va.)
Added Entry	Virginia. Dept. of Accounts.
Added Title	Confederate pension rolls, veterans and widows.

System Number	000571014

NOTE added by Tracy Hudgins - Application states that her husband was Enoch Goine/Goins and that Enoch was in Company G, 22^nd Regiment VA Calvery. States that Enoch was captured in the fall of 1864 and died at Point Look Out being in prison at the time. States that Sallie and Enoch were married about 1847 in Mt. Airy NC

Isle of Wight County, VA Early Records

2011-07-17T16:31:00.001-04:00

From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_County,_Virginia

History

During the 17th century, shortly after establishment of the settlement at Jamestown in 1607, English settlers explored and began settling the areas adjacent to Hampton Roads. Captain John Smith in 1608 crossed the James River and obtained fourteen bushels of corn from the Native American inhabitants, the Warrosquyoackes or Warraskoyaks. They were a tribe of the Powhatan Confederacy, who had three towns in the area of modern Smithfield. The Warraskoyaks were driven off from their villages in 1622 and 1627, as part of the reprisals for the Great Massacre of 1622.

The first English plantations along the south shore within present-day Isle of Wight were established by Puritan colonists, beginning with that of Christopher Lawne in May 1618. Several members of the Puritan Bennett family also came to settle the area, includingRichard Bennett who led the Puritans to neighboring Nansemond in 1635, and later became governor of the Virginia Colony.

By 1634, the Colony consisted of eight shires or counties with a total population of approximately 5,000 inhabitants. One of these was Warrosquyoake Shire, renamed Isle of Wight County in 1637, after the island off the south coast of England of the same name. The name was probably changed because the Isle of Wight had been the home of some of the principal colonists, although the Native American name also went through multiple Anglicisations, eventually becoming "Warwicke Squeake".

St. Luke's Church [1], built in 1632, is the nation's only original Gothic church and the oldest existing church of English foundation. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in recognition of its significance.

In 1732 a considerable portion of the northwestern part of the original shire was added to Brunswick County; and in 1748 the entire county of Southampton was carved out of it.

During the American Civil War, Company F of the 61st Virginia Infantry of the Confederate Army was called the "Isle of Wight Avengers."

***************************************************************

From The Library of Virginia

Call Number	36138
	Misc. Reel 609
Author	Virginia (Colony)
Title	Proceedings of the General Court, 1691 Nov. 5
Other Title	Colonial Papers.
Material	1 leaf.
Gen. note	Colonial Papers - Box 142, Folder 8.
	Original document located in Vault.
References	Salmon, John S., comp. A GUIDE TO STATE RECORDS IN THE ARCHIVES BRANCH OF THE VIRGINIA STATE LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES. Richmond: Virginia State Library, 1985.
Summary	Contains proceedings of the General Court from 19 October 1691 regarding John Gawen who is called to come forth & answer the suit of Samuel Deane for his nonappearance in court. The proceedings include an order to the sheriff of Isle of Wight County to attach so much of Gawen’s estate as shall be of value sufficient to satisfy the judgment of the General Court with costs. The proceedings were transcribed by Miles Cary, Clerk of the General Court.
	These colonial papers are a collection of loose papers more closely connected by age than by any other single factor that consist largely of records kept by the clerk of the colonial council, House of Burgesses, the governor and other officials, relating to county as well as colony-wide government. The records of the colonial government have, for the most part, been destroyed by wars, fires, and early neglect. This collection of loose colonial papers is arranged in chronological order, in fifty-three folders. The collection consists of petitions to the governor or House of Burgesses, court records, orders, summonses, patents, accounts, proceedings, returns, grants, proclamations, addresses, certificates and correspondence.
Cite As	Virginia (Colony), Colonial Papers, Proceedings of the General Court, 1691 Nov. 5. Accession 36138. State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.
Other Format	Also available on microfilm (Misc. Reel 609).
Biog./Hist. Note	The history of Virginia’s colonial government is divided into two significant phases by the date of May 24, 1624, when the charter of the Virginia Company of London was revoked by the crown. Prior to that date the colony had been run as a private corporation with final authority resting in the hands of the stockholders; afterwards, it was a royal colony with all the trappings and institutions of government that such a status required. The Grand Assembly, begun in 1619, evolved into the House of Burgesses by 1642, governors and lieutenant governors were sent to the colony as the king’s viceroys, regular courts were established, and a complex system of government was developed to lead and protect the growing colony.
Finding Aid	Item listing available in repository.
Subject - Personal	Deane, Samuel
	Gawen, John
Subject - Corporate	Virginia. Council.
	Virginia. General Assembly. House of Burgesses.
Subject - Topical	Courts -- Virginia -- 17th century
Subject -Geographic	Isle of Wight County (Va.) -- History -- 17th century.
	Virginia -- History -- Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775
Genre/Form	Proceedings.
	State government records -- Virginia.
Added Entry	Cary, Miles
Added Entry	Virginia. Council.
	Virginia. General Assembly. House of Burgesses.
	Virginia. General Court (Colonial)
Series	State government records collection; 36138.

holdings (1)	All items
System Number	001546990

Goochland County, VA Early Records

2011-07-07T13:33:00.000-04:00

From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goochland_County,_Virginia

History

Dover Mills, depicted in 1865

"In 1634, the entire occupied territory of Virginia was divided into eight shires, which were to be governed as shires in England. Henricowas one of the eight shires established." ^[4] Goochland was founded in 1728 from Henrico shire, and was the first county to split from Henrico (followed by Chesterfield County in 1749). Goochland was named after Sir William Gooch, the royal lieutenant governor from 1727-1749 (the nominal governor, the Earl of Albemarle, remained in England without much authority). At the time of its founding, Goochland included all of the land from Tuckahoe Creek, on both sides of the James River, west to the Blue Ridge Mountains.^[1]

As the colonists moved west of Richmond, they first created tobacco plantations, like those of the Tidewater. They depended on the labor of enslaved Blacks to manage its intense cultivation. After the Revolution, tobacco was not so lucrative a crop. In Goochland, as in other areas of Virginia, many planters switched to growing wheat and mixed crops. They continued to rely heavily on the labor of slaves for the full range of plantation tasks.

According to the 1860 Census and Slave Schedules, the total population of the county was 10,656. Of that number, 57.6%, or 6139 people, were enslaved Blacks. By 1870 after theCivil War, the total population decreased slightly to 10,313, but the number of Black freedpeople rose to 6610, or 64% of the total. In later years agricultural work decreased and more people migrated to Richmond and other towns. In the early decades of the 20th century, many Blacks left Virginia in the Great Migration North for better jobs and opportunities. In 2000, they comprised only 26% of Goochland County's population.

[edit]Goochland Courthouse

The first court in Goochland County was held in May 1728. The exact location of this first court is unknown, but researchers believe that the first courthouse was constructed in Goochland between 1730 and 1737. In the mid-18th century, the location of the first courthouse was moved.^[4] Then once more in the early-19th century the courthouse was moved to its current location along Rt. 522 in central Goochland.

Churches

In 1720, there were two parishes in Henrico County, St. James and Henrico Parish. When Goochland County was formed, St. James Parish fell within the boundaries on both sides of the James River and westward. When Albemarle County was formed from Goochland in 1744, the Parish was divided into three parishes. St. Anne's Parish covered Albemarle, St. James Southam Parish covered the south side of the river (now Powhatan County), and St. James Northam Parish covered the rest of Goochland.^[4]

In St. James Northam Parish there were three original churches, Dover Episcopal, Beaverdam Episcopal, and Lickinghole Epsicopal. Dover was the first, being built in 1724, and it closed sometime after the Revolutionary War. Its exact closing and location are unknown. Beaverdam was located near what is now Whitehall Road, but its exact location is also unknown.

Today there are numerous churches of different denominations including several Episcopal, Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian, and non-denominational Christian churches.

[edit]Three Chopt

Portions of Three Chopt Trail, a Native American trail, run through a large portion of the county. The trail was marked by three hatchet chops in trees to show the way. Modern dayU.S. Route 250 roughly follows this route as it makes its way from Richmond to Charlottesville.

*************************************************************************************

Records Collection Submitted by Deborah Ayers

DOES ANYONE KNOW 19^th century MOSES GOINGS?

Moses Goings (b.@1856) married Eliza Brown prior to 1880. Moses and Eliza are found in the 1880 census in Cumberland county VA, age 24 and 20 respectively. In the 1900 census Moses is in Goochland county VA with his wife Augonie. (1890 census destroyed) He reported he had been married to Augonie for 20 years. In 1910 Moses resided in Goochland county next door to his first wife Eliza who lived with their son Willie. Family oral history confirms that my 2x gr. grandfather was known to have had two wives and to have had children by them both. The grandchildren interviewed knew only Eliza. Though the census information does not make it clear, I have family recollection from the Powhatan branch on which of the 10 children belonged to which wife. Moses is said to have played the banjo and was an avid coon hunter. Eliza was an expert at weaving baskets.

We have recently been advised that Moses was from North Carolina and had two brothers there. Reuben and Eli. We are told there was a parting of the ways of the three brothers involving a land dispute. I am looking for verification of this information. Census information is consistent in reporting that Moses and both his parents were born in Virginia, but we all know that much of that information as it pertains to black, mulatto or “ other” populations has to be taken cum grano salis.

The spelling of the family name varies between Goings and Goins throughout the documentation resulting in relatives as close as siblings and first cousins who’s last names are spelled with and without the second “g” .

Moses Goings (@1856-?) m. Eliza Brown (@1860-?) also m. Augonie Goings

1. Thomas Goings (b. Jan. 1881) (also reported as “Ponnocio” and “Tommie”)

2. Winley (Wortherly?) Goings (b. Feb. 1884)

3. Susie Goings (b. May 1886)

4. Willie Goings (b. March 1888)

5. Clarence Goings (b. April 1890)

6. Henrita Goings (b. Feb. 1895)

7. Mary Jane Goings Crump (b. June 1899)

8. Weldon Goings (1903-1985)

9. Golden Goings (1904)

10. Mitchell Goins

2^ND GENERATION

1. Thomas Goings (b.1881) m. Mary Ellen Robinson (b. 1881) daughter of Bill Robinson and Bell Austin Robinson on April 7, 1904 in Goochland VA

They had the following children:

11. Patty Goings Jefferson (1905-1951)

12. Louise Goings (1907)

13. Mary Jane Goins (1908)

14. John Thomas Goins (1909)

15. William Goings (1913)

16. Lelia B. Goings (1914)

17. Ruth Goings (1917)

2. Winley (Wortherly) Goings (b. Feb. 1884) married William Austin. “Aunt Wirt’s” name is variously recorded as Wortherly, Winley and Wortly. They had the following children:

18. Florine Austin

19. Daisy Caroline Austin Harris

20. Sydney Austin Edmonds

21. Earl Aaron Austin

22. Matilda Austin Lee

4. Willie Goings (b.March 1888) married Martha Alice Mayo. They had the following children:

23. Raymond Goings

24. Willi P. Goings

25. Ann Goings

26. Clarence Goings

Willie also married Sara Farrow. They had the following children

27. Ressie Mitchell

28. Michael Mitchell

7. Mary Jane Goins Crump (b. June 1899) married Samuel Washington. They had the following children.

29. Virginia Crump Washington

10. Mitchell Goins married Elsie Bolling Goins . They had the following children:

30. John Goins

31. James Goins

32. Mitchell Goins

33. Virginia May Goins Beasley

3^RD Generation

11. Patty Goins Jefferson (1905-1951) married Major Jefferson. They had the following children :

34. Gertrude Jefferson

35. Ruth Jefferson

36. Lorraine Jefferson

37. Lucille Jefferson

38. Lawrence Jefferson

39. John Jefferson

40. Willie Jefferson

14. John Thomas Goins “Tom” (1909-2006) married Clara Tinsley Goins, daughter of Susan Ann Tinsley . They had eight children.

41. Norman Thomas Goins

42. Elnoral Goins

43. Clara Eisabell Goins

44. Virginia Loretta Goins

45. Linda Faye Goins

46. Larry Donnell Goins

47. Roger Lee Goins

48. David Stevenson Goins

19. Daisy Caroline Austin Harris had a daughter:

49. Daisy Harris

23. Raymond Goings married Rebecca Howell. They had 5 children

50. Barbara

51.Marendia

52. Raymond

53. Earnest

54. Charles

There are well over 100 additional descendents and at least 3 more generations. As the Goins’ tend to be long lived, I hesitate publishing any further generations as many members of the few I have listed here are still alive.

Moses lived with his grand-daughters (Reta and Adelaide Dumson) and his son Golden in Byrd Goochland in 1920. Next door his sons Willie and Weldon lived with their mother Eliza. Golden was a sawmill laborer and he and Moses purchased adjoining land in Byrd Goochland. The property remained in the family until the 1950’s when it was sold for back taxes. Weldon Goings never married, but resided in Goochland county most of his life, working for several families throughout the county. He passed away in 1985 and is buried at Faquier Baptist church in Goochland county.

Aunt Wirt married an Austin and she and at least one brother and sister settled in Powhatan county. Her descendants and Willie’s remain there today. The Austin family of Powhatan has compiled a family geneology which intersects with the Goins line at several points.

Thomas raised his family in Goochland and later relocated to Maryland with his brother Clarence. I am told that he re-married there and raised another family after the death of his first wife. Both Thomas and his brother Clarence registered for the draft in 1942 reporting his address in Towson working for Charles Pipe in Glen Arm Baltimore MD. Thomas reported his age as 65. He was 5’3’’, 135 pounds brown eyes, black hair and light complected per his WWII registration card. One of his grandsons resides in Alexandria, VA today. The remainder are in the Richmond, Goochland, Powhatan area. I am unaware of any descendents from his 2^nd marriage in Maryland. Thomas’ great and great, great grandsons have spread out a bit further, residing as far away as Colorado, Illinois, Germany and Japan raising families of their own.

We are in search of Moses’ parents. We would also be interested in connecting with the Goins descendents in Maryland.

Household Record 1880 United States Census

Household:

Name Relation Marital Status Gender Race Age Birthplace Occupation Father's Birthplace Mother's Birthplace

Moses GOINS Self M Male MU 24 VA Laborer VA VA

Eliza GOINS Wife M Female B 20 VA Laborer VA VA

Source Information:

Census Place Hamilton, Cumberland, Virginia

Family History Library Film 1255362

NA Film Number T9-1362

Page Number 10D

1900 US Federal Census

Byrd Goochland VA

Moses Goings

Age 45

BirthDate May 1855

Birthplace Va

Race Black

Gender Male

Head of House

Fathers Birthplace VA

Mothers Birthplace VA

Spouse's name: Augonie Goings

Marriage Year 1880

Marital Status: Married

Years Married 20

Moses Goings 45

Augonie Goings 44

Ponncio Goings 18 (This name is recorded "Tommie" as well)

Winnlley Goings 16

Susie Goings 14

Willie Goings 12

Clarence Goings 10

Henrita Goings 5

Jane Goings 1

1910 United States Federal Census - Byrd Goochland

Lists Moses Goings age 46 ( Mulatto Male - head of house)

Lleza Goings age 46

Jane Goings age 10

Wellow Goings age 7

Golden Goings age 6

1920 US Federal Census

Byrd Goochland Va

Age: 68 Estimated year of birth 1852

Head of house Father & mothers birthplace VA

Married

Black

Own home

Not able to read or write

Household members:

Reta Dumson 14 (Moses' grandaughter)

Adeline Dumson 12 " "

Golden Goings 18 son

NEXT DOOR:::

Willie Goings - age 40 head of house single

Welton Goings - brother of Willie age 20 single

Liza Goings Mother of Willie age 64 married

Timeline of Lumbee History

2011-07-04T14:33:00.000-04:00

From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Lumbee_history

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following is a timeline of the history of the Lumbee tribe of North Carolina, and some of their hypothesized ancestors.

[edit]18th century

[edit]1725

John Herbert, Commissioner of Indian Trade for the Wineau Factory publishes a map in 1725 and identifies enclaves of Cheraw, Pee Dee, Waccamaw, and Scavano Indians who continue to live on their traditional lands along the Pee Dee River at what is now the border of North Carolina and South Carolina, and near its tributary Drowning Creek in Robeson County, North Carolina.

[edit]1726-1739

The Cheraw disappear from the historical record. While some historians believe that they are absorbed by the Catawba, others contend that they amalgamate with other remnant Southeastern Siouan Piedmont groups in the largely uncharted region of present-day Robeson, Scotland, Moore, Hoke, and Cumberland counties. To the south, with the acceleration of the slave trade and decline of the deerskin trade, the influence of the powerful Catawba confederacy begins to wane. By the end of the 19th century, the Catawba will have been reduced to inhabiting a one square-mile reservation in South Carolina.

[edit]1752

The southern Tuscarora living on the Bertie County reservation in North Carolina were said to number about 300 men. According to an estimate made two years later this indicates that there were probably about 600 women and children living there as well at this time. (http://www.carolana.com/native_americans_tuscarora.html).

[edit]1753

North Carolina Governor Matthew Rowan proclaims Drowning Creek (now Lumbee, or Lumber River) a "frontier to the Indians", and states that there are "no Indians in the county."

[edit]1754

By this period the population of the Tuscarora Bertie county reservation had dropped by two thirds, there were now said to be only 100 men and 200 women and children.

Colonial records describe a "mix'd crew" of some fifty families living on Drowning Creek without official patent to the land. A surveyor is shot.

[edit]1757

Bertie County Tuscarora chieftain James Blount writes:

"We the Tuskarora Indians Petition Your Excely. and Council to Grant a Pattent, or Some Better Title for Our Land for the White folks tells this is good for nothing and they Come and Settle Without leave Sale our Timber and Drive Stocks of all sorts: We hope Care will be Taken to protect us in Quiet Possession of Our land and from the White People Abusing us

James Blount for the Tuscarora Nation"

[edit]1766-1769

James Blount was last mentioned as being a Chieftain on the Tuscarora Reservation in Bertie County NC in 1766, according to the "Bladen County deeds Book 20 Page 424, and "The Tuscaroras" vol 2, by F.Roy Johnson (taken from the "LRDA" Settlement Pattern Study):

On May 4, 1769, a James Blount -- probably the prominent land speculator -- was issued a land grant of 500 acres (2 km²) on Flowers Swamp in what would later become Robeson County North Carolina.

[edit]1775-1783

John Brooks serves in Revolutionary War.

[edit]1790

United States Census lists common Lumbee surnames, including Locklear, Oxendine, Chavis, Jacobs, Lowery, Hammonds, Brooks, Brayboy, Cumbo, Ransom, Revels, Carter, Dial, Deese, and Kersey, without racial designation as "All other free persons." Indians were not enumerated in North Carolina in the census.

[edit]19th century

[edit]1812

Thomas "Big Tom" Locklear and Silas Strickland, two Lumbee ancestors, muster during War of 1812.

[edit]1835

Against the backdrop of Indian removal, North Carolina disenfranchises "Free People of Color" by passing laws that prevent them from voting as well as owning and using firearms.

[edit]1840

On November 28, 36 White Robeson County citizens petition the General Assembly of North Carolina complaining that:

"The County of Robeson is cursed with a free-colored population that migrated originally from the districts round about the Roanoke and Neuse rivers…." (Sider's "Living Indian Histories" page 173")

[edit]1835-1852

Court dockets for Robeson County are replete with suits filed by Robeson County Indians who contest the ban on owning and using firearms.

[edit]1853

The North Carolina Supreme Court upholds the constitutionality of North Carolina's ban on firearms with the conviction of Noel Locklear in the State v. Locklear for the illegal possession of firearms.

[edit]1861-1865

Well into the Civil War, North Carolina begins to forcibly conscript young Indian men from Robeson County through the auspices of the Robeson County's Home Guard. After the murder of his father and brother, Henry Berry Lowrie organizes a gang to fight the Confederate Home Guard.

[edit]1863-1872

The reprisals of Henry Berry Lowrie and his band of banditti against those elites Lowrie War in Robeson County, North Carolina. The Lowrie gang, led by Henry Berry Lowrie, engages in many robberies and murders, fighting against both the Confederate Home Guard and the Ku Klux Klan.

The exploits of the gang made many take notice of their people and it is because of them that the first accounts as to the Robeson County Indians true origins would come about.

[edit]1872

George A Townsend's "The Swamp Outlaws," is published in which he states that the Lowries are of mixed Tuscarora Indian blood. Townsend also states in reference to Pop Oxendine that "Like the rest, he had the Tuscarora Indian blood in him" as well.

[edit]1875

Circa 1875 General Jno C. Gorman (who was at one time in charge of capturing the Lowrie gang) writes in his memoirs in reference to his tour of duty in Robeson County:

"A century ago, a few members of the Tuscarora tribe of Indians lived upon the banks of the Roanoke river in Halifax County, N.C. and obtained a livelihood by hunting and fishing, but the encrouchments of the planters finally forced them to leave. They removed to Robeson County, and settled on the sandy patches of land situated amongst the slashes and swamps of the PeeDee and Lumber rivers, near the border line between the States of North and South Carolina……." (State archives “Gorman Papers”, and with the Gorman family, Durham N.C. circa 1917)

That same year Mary Normant's "The Lowrie History, as acted in part by Henry Berry Lowrie" (1st published in 1875, in Wilmington N.C.; third edition 1909 with Appendix) states that James Lowrie's (the grandfather of all the Lowries in Robeson) wife Sarah Kersey (nicknamed Sally Kersey.) was a half-breed Tuscarora Indian woman. Normant went on to state that this was "not current rumor, but a true statement as given by James Lowrie himself" she listed 8 witnesses who could attest to this before stating "and last, though not least, by the late John Gilchrist, Esq., long a practicing lawyer at the Lumberton Bar, whose father bought out James Lowrie in 1791, at the close of the Revolutionary War." Normant also went on to specifically address both a Locklear and Cumbo woman as being half breed Tuscaroras as well.

[edit]1885

The North Carolina General Assembly recognizes the Indians of Robeson County as "Croatan," and establishes a separate school system for the Indians. The theory of Lost Colonyorigins is first advanced by the Conservative Democrat, Hamilton McMillan, who represents Robeson County in the state legislature. McMillan's effort to curry favor with the Indians of Robeson County was part of a larger scheme to acrue gains for Democrats in Robeson County and regain political control in Post-Reconstruction North Carolina.

On February 12, of that same year (just two days after the tribe was recognized under the Croatan name) the following was printed in the Fayetteville Observer (the full article can be found on microfilm in their files):

"In one of his letters from Raleigh to his paper, the Asheville Citizen, Col. Jno. C. Cameron gives an interesting account of the information obtained from our friend, Mr. Hamilton McMillan, who represents Robeson county in the senate concerning his bill for separate schools for the Croatan Indians in that county-- as follows:"

in the third paragraph down it reads:

"They say that their traditions say that the people we call the Croatan Indians (though they do not recognize that name as that of a tribe, but only a village, and that they were Tuscaroras), were always friendly to the whites; and finding them destitute and despairing of ever receiving aid from England, persuaded them to leave the Island, and go to the mainland.…They gradually drifted away from their original seats, and at length settled in Robeson, about the center of the county"

[edit]1887

The Indians of Robeson County build the Croatan Indian Normal School (now The University of North Carolina at Pembroke) with oversight from the state.

[edit]1890

The North Carolina Supreme Court rules that Indian school committees have ultimate authority as to whether children are Indians and therefore eligible for tribal schools. The Croatan school board sets up "blood committees" to determine a child's right to attend the school based on his or her blood purity.

[edit]20th century

[edit]1911

The North Carolina General Assembly changes the name of the tribe to "Indians of Robeson County."

[edit]1912

The Department of Interior sent Charles F. Pierce, the Supervisor of Indian Schools, to Robeson County to conduct a study of the tribe. Pierce reported that the state and county were providing funds to educate the 1,976 school-age Indian children. He also stated in his report that "…one would readily class a large majority [of the Lumbee] as being at least three-fourths Indian".

[edit]1913

North Carolina legislature changes the tribe's name to the "Cherokee Indians of Robeson County" at the request of the group.

[edit]1914

Indian Agent O. M. McPherson speculates that the Lumbee may descend in part from the Cheraw.

[edit]1924

The Lumbee Tribe unsuccessfully petitions the Federal Government for recognition as "Siouan Indians."

[edit]1933

A Smithsonian Institution anthropologist, John R. Swanton, studies the tribe, and speculates that based on the evidence available (which included no genealogical research or exposure to any writings older than McMillan’s official testimony to the state) the Lumbee were probably primarily descended from the Cheraw and other closely related Siouan speaking tribes. Swanton also stated that the Keyauwee had probably contributed more blood than the rest, but that the Cheraw name would be more appropriate because they have been mentioned more often throughout history.

[edit]1934

Tribal leaders, calling themselves The "Cherokee Indians of Robeson County" join the National Congress of American Indians.

[edit]1937

The Robeson County "Original 22" Tuscarora are federally recognized under the Wheeler-Howard-Indian Reorganization Act, allowing them federal benefits, the ability to organize as a tribe on paper, and to have land taken into trust by the Federal government.

[edit]1941-1945

Lumbees serve in World War II.Also being behind enemy lines in Normandy beach

[edit]1952

Dropping "Cherokee," following the leadership of D.F. Lowrie the tribe votes to adopt the name "Lumbee" after the Lumbee, or Lumber River.

[edit]1953

North Carolina changes name of tribe from "Cherokee" to "Lumbee."

[edit]1956

The U.S. Congress recognizes name change and recognizes the Lumbee as American Indians. Lumbee use the Lumbee Bill to seek termination of the federal status of the "Original 22" Tuscarora, forcing them to fall under the Lumbee Bill without giving Tuscarora the right to testify. Specific language in the Lumbee Act, denies the tribe the customary Indian financial benefits.

[edit]1958

Over five hundred armed Lumbees rout a group of protesting Ku Klux Klan members led by Wizard James W. "Catfish" Cole in a confrontation near Maxton, North Carolina. The incident receives national attention. One headline read, "Indians Rout The Klan." The event is remembered as the "Battle of Hayes Pond" and ends Klan intimidation of the Lumbee.

[edit]1959

April 2, 1959, several Iroquois from New York, including renowned Tuscarora, Wallace “Mad Bear” Anderson, visit Robeson County to talk with leaders of the newly created “Lumbee Tribe”. Secondly, was for Mad Bear to meet Rev. D. F. Lowry, who was known to be a Tuscarora himself. Lowry was supposedly unable to be contacted. (Robesonian Article and photographs, April 2, 1959)

[edit]1971

The first Indian-owned bank in United States, the Lumbee Bank, is established in Pembroke, North Carolina.

[edit]1973

Henry Ward Oxendine, a Lumbee Indian, is the first Indian born in North Carolina to serve in the North Carolina House of Representatives.

[edit]1976

The outdoor drama Strike at the Wind, the story of Henry Berry Lowrie, opens in Pembroke, North Carolina.

[edit]1987

The Lumbee Tribe petitions the United States Department of the Interior for federal acknowledgment. Their petition is denied due to language in the Lumbee Act of 1956. TheUniversity of North Carolina at Pembroke celebrates 100th anniversary.

[edit]1994

Glen Maynor is elected sheriff of Robeson County, and Joanne Locklear is elected Clerk of Court for Robeson County, the first Lumbees to hold these positions. In Georgia, LumbeeJohn Oxendine is elected statewide as Commissioner of Insurance.

[edit]21st century

[edit]2001

A Lumbee Tribal Government is elected and sworn into office as the Lumbee resume their campaign to achieve full federal recognition as an Indian tribe.

[edit]2003

Bills are introduced in the House of Representatives (H.R. 898) and the Senate (S.420) to extend full federal recognition to the Lumbee Tribe. Lumbee Tribal Council elections are held.

[edit]2004

A new Lumbee Tribal Government is sworn in.

Westmoreland County, VA Early Records

2011-07-03T09:23:00.000-04:00

From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westmoreland_County,_Virginia

History

As originally established by the House of Burgesses from Northumberland County, Virginia in 1653, the territory of Westmoreland County encompassed much of what later become the various counties and cities of Northern Virginia, including the city of Alexandria,Arlington County, Fairfax County, and Prince William County. These remained Westmoreland until 1664, when Stafford County, Virginia was formed.

Westmoreland County was the birthplace of George Washington, the first President of the United States (at the former settlement ofBridges Creek, Virginia);^[3] James Monroe, the fifth President of the United States; and General Robert E. Lee, commander of theConfederate armies. It was the residence of Col. Nicholas Spencer, who patented the land at Mount Vernon in 1674 with his friend Lt. Col. John Washington, ancestor of George Washington. Spencer, who served as President of the Council and acting Governor of Virginia, was the cousin of and agent for the Barons Colepeper, proprietors of the Northern Neck. Spencer lived at his plantationNomini, which his descendants later sold to Robert Carter I.

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From: http://www.freeafricanamericans.com/westmore.htm with permission. Partial list as it relates to the Goins/Goings/Gowens families.

WESTMORELAND COUNTY, VIRGINIA COURT ORDERS

1705-1787

Library of Virginia microfilm reel nos.55-61

Orders 1705-1721 (reel 54), 1721-1731 (reel 55), 1731-1739 (reel 56), 1739-43 & 1743-47 (reel 57), 1747-50, 1750-52 (reel 58), 1752-5 & 1755-8 (reel 59), 1758-61 & 1761-64 (reel 60), 1776-86 & 1787-90 (reel 61)

29 August 1706, p.37
Judgment is granted John Higgins against Thomas Goen for five hundred forty five pounds of tobacco due by bill account ordered hee pay the same with costs.

26 January 1708/9
p.108
Thomas Goen being bound by Recognizance to appeare at this Court to answer our Sovereinge Lady the Queen of a certaine force & rescue of a prisoner out of the custody of Wm Chandler Constable for Machotique ptomet? the day appeared to answer the same and upon examination & hearing of the matter alledged agst him the Court do sett upon him the fine or sum of twenty shillings sterl. to bee paid to our Soveraigne Lady the Queen for his sd offence and it is also ordered that the sd Thomas Goen do enter into Recognizance for his personall appeareance at the next Court to answer what may be objected agst him and in the mean tyme to bee of the good behaviour

27 April 1711
p.156 Richard Kenner brought suite against Thomas Goen of the parish of Cople in the County aforesaid Labourer and declared against him for words spoke by the said Thomas against him the said Richard too his damage one hundred pounds sterl: and at a court held for the said County the 20 May 1708 The Defendant aforesaid appeared and prayed Lycence of Imparlence till the then next Court which was granted and by Severall adjournments from thence Continued over till this day and now at this Court the defendant aforesaid being called & faileing to appear upon Mocion of the pltf Judgment is granted him Nihil dicit against the said Thomas Goen, But for that is not known to the Court what damage the pltf had sustained by meanes of the words by the Defendant aforesaid spoke as the pltf in his Declaration hath set forth It is therefore ordered that the sheriff of the county doe cause to come before her Majties. Justices at the next Court to be held for the said County ... the damage may be better known ..

Cumberland County, VA Early Records

2011-07-02T15:37:00.000-04:00

From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland_County,_Virginia

History

Cumberland County was established in 1749 from Goochland County. The county is named for William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, second son of King George II of Great Britain. Cumberland County was also home to the Fleming family, which included Judge John Fleming and his son Judge William Fleming.

From 1749 until the creation of Powhatan County in 1777, Mosby Tavern served as the county courthouse, and the tavern subsequently became known as "Old Cumberland Courthouse."

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1840 US Federal Census – Cumberland County, VA

All persons listed as freed colored

Polly Goins

Males under 10 - 2

Males 10-23 – 1

Females under 10 – 1

Females 10-23 – 2

Females 24-35 – 1

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1850 US Federal Census – Cumberland County, VA

Dwelling 115/Family 115

Amonett, William – 77 – VA

Amonett, Frances – 65 – VA

Irving, John – 20 – VA

Goings, John – 23 - VA

Dwelling 229/Family 229

Goings, Polly – 60 – VA

Mayo, Rebecca – 9 – VA

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1860 US Federal Census – Cumberland County, VA

Dwelling 100/Family 100

Alderson, Thomas – 65 – VA

Alderson, Martha – 65 – VA

Goodman, Ann P – 39 – VA

Gowan, John M. – 39 – VA – Teacher Languages

Gowan, Virgina – 20 – VA

Goodman, Chs T – 11 – VA

Gowan, Elaine M. – 8 mo. – VA

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1880 US Federal Census – Hamilton, Cumberland County, VA

Dwelling 14/Family 14

Goins, Joe – MU – 22 – VA – VA – VA

Goins, Bettie – B – 21 – VA – VA – VA

Goins, Nannie – B – 3 – VA – VA – VA

Goins, Martha A. – B – 4 mo – VA – VA – VA

Dwelling 125/Family 130

Goins, Straber – B - 28 – VA – VA – VA

Goins, Judith – B - 24 – VA – VA – VA

Goins, Bettie – B - 7 – VA – VA – VA

Goins, Thomas – B - 5 – VA – VA – VA

Goins, Virgin – B -4 – VA – VA – VA

Goins, Martha – B - 1 – VA – VA – VA

Dwelling 189/Family 200

Goins, Moses – B - 24 – VA – VA – VA

Goins, Eliza – B - 20 – VA – VA – VA

Dwelling 268/Family 282

Goins, Strabo – B – 55 VA – VA – VA (states he is married but his wife is not listed with him)

Goins, Robert – MU – 17 – VA – VA – VA

Dwelling 581/Family 605

Jenkins, Isham – B – 43 – VA – VA – VA

Jenkins, Arpasha J. – MU – 46 – VA – VA – VA

Goins, Mary – MU – 4 – VA – VA – VA – Adopted

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1880 US Federal Census – Madison, Cumberland County, VA

Brown, Randall – B – 30 – VA – VA – VA

Brown, Mary – MU – 27 – VA – VA – VA

Gowin, Peep – B – 32 – VA – VA – VA - Aunt

Holman, Barrett – MU – 6 – VA – VA – VA - Niece

Ballard County, KY Early Records

2011-06-24T15:19:00.000-04:00

From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballard_County

History

Ballard County was formed on February 15, 1852 from portions of Hickman County and McCracken County. It was named for Bland Ballard (1761–1853), a Kentucky pioneer and army officer who had served as a scout for General George Rogers Clark during theAmerican Revolutionary War. On February 17, 1880, the courthouse was destroyed by a fire, which also destroyed most of the county's records.^[3]

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1870 US Federal Census, District 1, Ballard County, KY

Dwelling 171/Family 176

Goings, Henry – 30 – KY

Goings, Jane – 36 – KY

Hicks, Rose – 34 – KY

Flowers, Silas – 18 – KY

Flowers, Vina – 11 – KY

1870 US Federal Census, Milburn, Ballard County, KY

Dwelling 17/Family 75

Goings, James H. – 25 – KY

Goings, Mary F. – 23 – KY

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From: www.Ancestry.com

Kentucky Marriages 1852-1914

Ballard County, KY

Marriage Date: Dec. 1, 1874

Groom: J. B. Vaughn – 20 – KY – KY – KY – 1^st Marriage

Bride: P. B Goins – 17 – KY – KY – TN – 1^st Marriage

Marriage Date: Oct. 8, 1876

Groom: Wm Adams – 46 – KY – KY – KY – 2^nd Marriage

Bride: Amilia Goins – 49 – TN – TN – TN – 2^nd Marriage

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1880 US Federal Census, Milburn, Ballard County, KY

Dwelling 10/Family 10

Tucker, William – 54 – KY – KY – KY

Tucker, Ann M. – 44 – KY – KY- KY

Tucker, Charley – 21 – KY – KY – KY

Tucker, William – 12 – KY – KY – KY

Goins, Henrey – 6 – KY – TN – KY – Grandson

Goins, Cora B. – 5 – KY – TN – KY – Granddaughter

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Submitted by Terry Strick

Willie Ann Goins, George Wessley Goins, and Louella Goins

were the children of Permelia Cather "Haggard" Goins and

Armstead Goins, my g-g-grandparents.

These are their marriages:

1883

NOTE: George Goins raised Willie's children (one of which was my maternal grandmother) after she died at the age of 30.

Source: Ballard County Kentucky Marriages, 1878-1884

G. E. (should be G. W.) (George) Goins (my g-grandmother Willie's brother)

Katie Gibson

PRIN: (Surety): J. O. Gibson (Katie's brother)

DATE: February 8, 1883

AT: Home of George Gibson (Katie's father)

PRES: D.E. Porter, Bonnyman Vaughn, and David Mix

SOL: Rev. J. A. Graves, Baptist Minister

1891

W. E. (William Edward) Parker (g-grandfather)

Miss Willie A. Goins (g-grandmother)

PRIN: E. (Edward) P. Hopper (Husband of Willie's sister Luella)

DATE: December 3, 1891

AT: Home of George Goins (Willie's brother), Wickliff, Ballard County

PRES: George Goins, George W. Parker (William Edward's father), and E. B. Penn

CLERK: S. J. Moore

SOL: Rev. J. H. Mattlock B M (Baptist Minister?)

Source: Marriage Bond found at Wickliff Courthouse-Also found in the book "Ballard Co. KY Marriages, 1885-1899.

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1900 US Federal Census, Bandana, District 1, Ballard County, KY

Family 292

Goines, George – 38 – KY – TN – TN

Goines, Katie L. – 32 – KY – KY – KY

Goines, Carrie M. – Daughter – 12 – KY – KY – KY

Goines, Sherman B. – Son – 10 - KY – KY – KY

Anderson, ???? – Daughter – 6 – KY – KY – KY (On the 1910 Census shown as Ida Anderson – niece)

Parker, Lanette – Niece – 3 – KY – KY – KY

Myers, Bessie – Servant – 23 – KY – TN – KY

Myers, Leslie – Servant – 19 – KY – TN – KY

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Submitted by Terry Strick

William Edward Parker Last Will and Testament – May 31, 1900

In the name of God Amen:

I Edd Parker of the County of Ballard in the state of Kentucky, being weak in body but of sound mind memory and understanding and considering the uncertainty of life do make and publish this my last will and Testament in manner and form following to wit: First It is my last will and I do order that all my just debts and funeral expenses be duly paid and satisfied as soon as conviently can be after my decease and that my funeral be conducted in a manner corresponding with my estate as it hath pleased God to entrust me withI dispose of the same as follows I give devise and bequeath to my beloved children Namely Hulous C. Katie B. Lue Etta All my property personal Real or mixed I hearby constitute And appoint Geo. W. Goin Execution of the will without bond in witness whereof I Edd Parker the testation have this day written on one sheet of paper my last will done by my own will and by my own hand this the 31 day of May in the year of our Lord Nineteen Hundred (1900) In witness I have herewith Set my hand and pen this 31 day of May 1900.

W.E Parker

Sined and declared by the Said Testation as his last will testament in the presence of us

J.W. Spince

G.D. Johnson

State of Kentucky } sct

Ballard County }

I J.J. Grace Clerk of the County Court of County and State aforesaid do certify that the foregoing Will of Edd Parker was on the 18 day of June 1900 lodged in my office for record and the same with this certificate has been duly recorded in my office

Given under my hand this 10^th day of July 1900

~~S.J. Moore~~ J. J. Grace

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Submitted By Terry Strick - A Few of the George W. Goins Guardianship Papers for the Parker Heirs.